The gospel according to Mark
Chapter 12
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35. και αποκριθεις ο ιησους
ελεγεν διδασκων εν τω ιερω πως λεγουσιν οι γραμματεις οτι ο χριστος υιος
εστιν δαυιδ And answering, Jesus said as he taught
in the temple “How
do the scribes say that the Christ is the son of David? |
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36. αυτος γαρ δαυιδ ειπεν
εν τω[1]
πνευματι τω αγιω ειπεν[2] ο[3]
κυριος τω κυριω μου καθου εκ δεξιων μου εως αν θω τους εχθρους σου υποποδιον[4] των
ποδων σου For[5] David himself said in the
Holy Spirit, ‘The Lord says to my Lord, “Sit at my right hand, until I make your enemies
the footstool of your feet.”’ |
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37. αυτος [ουν] δαυιδ
λεγει αυτον κυριον και ποθεν υιος αυτου εστιν και ο[6] πολυς
οχλος ηκουεν αυτου ηδεως [Therefore][7], David himself calls him
Lord, so how is he his son?” And the great multitude heard him gladly. |
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38. και ελεγεν αυτοις εν τη
διδαχη αυτου βλεπετε απο των γραμματεων των θελοντων εν στολαις περιπατειν
και ασπασμους εν ταις αγοραις And he said to them[8]
in his teaching, “Beware
of the scribes, who like to walk around in long robes, and like greetings in
the marketplaces, |
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39. και πρωτοκαθεδριας εν
ταις συναγωγαις και πρωτοκλισιας εν τοις δειπνοις and the best seats in the synagogues and the best
places at feasts, |
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40. οι κατεσθιοντες τας
οικιας των χηρων και προφασει μακρα προσευχομενοι ουτοι ληψονται[9]
περισσοτερον κριμα who devour widows’ houses, and for a pretense make
long prayers. These will receive greater condemnation.” |
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41. και καθισας ο ιησους
κατεναντι του γαζοφυλακιου εθεωρει πως ο οχλος βαλλει χαλκον εις το
γαζοφυλακιον και πολλοι πλουσιοι εβαλλον πολλα And sitting down opposite the treasury,
Jesus[10]
watched how the multitude cast money into the treasury. And many who were
rich cast in much. |
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42. και ελθουσα μια χηρα
πτωχη εβαλεν λεπτα δυο ο εστιν κοδραντης And a poor widow came and she cast in
two mites, which make a quadrans[11]. |
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43. και προσκαλεσαμενος τους μαθητας αυτου ειπεν[12] αυτοις αμην λεγω υμιν οτι η χηρα αυτη η πτωχη πλειον παντων εβαλεν[13] των βαλλοντων[14] εις το γαζοφυλακιον And calling near his disciples, he said to them, “Truly I say to you that this poor widow has cast in more than all those who have cast into the treasury, |
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44. παντες γαρ εκ του περισσευοντος
αυτοις εβαλον αυτη δε εκ της υστερησεως αυτης παντα οσα ειχεν εβαλεν ολον τον
βιον αυτης for they all cast in out of their abundance, but
she, out of her poverty, put in all that she had, all her livelihood.”
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[1] M-Text omits the definite
article “τω” before and after “Spirit”, which is supported by the Byzantine
manuscripts and Theophylact. The inclusion of the articles is supported by
codices א, B, D and Θ. No need of correction.
[2] M-Text, P-Text and WPF35 read “λεγει” (present instead of second aorist), which is supported by codices A, D and the Byzantine manuscripts. The TR is supported by codices א, B, Θ and Theophylact. The Latin vulgate makes a distinction between those two verbal tenses of the verb “to say” before and after the “the Holy Spirit”, but in reversed order (“dicit” / “dixit”, present / perfect instead of “ειπεν” / “λεγει”, aorist / present), probably to conform the second verb to the Latin translation of Psalm 110:1. Mark is quoting verbatim from the Septuagint (LXX, 109:1) which starts with the verb “ειπεν”. It would have been almost irresistible for scribes to see just this verb not aligned with the Greek wording in the Septuagint, thus causing them to change “λεγει” into “ειπεν”, if original. On the other hand, it is not very likely that Mark would quoted the LXX verbatim here and changed only this word. Therefore, the Greek text remained unchanged.
[3] NA-Text, WPF35
and P-Text omit the definite article, which is supported by codices B and D. The
inclusion is supported by codices א, Θ, the Byzantine manuscripts and Theophylact. No
need of correction.
[4] NA-Text reads “υποκατω” (“under” instead of
“footstool”). This is probably a harmonized reading to Matthew 22:44 according
to some manuscripts like codices B, D and W. But the vast majority of the
majuscules, including the Alexandrian א, L, Δ, Ψ, 087
(type ll), the Caesarean Θ and all the Byzantine ones. Plus, almost all minuscules read
“footstool”. It is wrong to cite the Diatessaron as a witness for “under” in
Mark, because in section 35 the text goes from Matthew 22:41 through 22:46.
[5] NA-Text omits “For”.
[6] NA-Text brackets the
definite article “ο”.
[7] NA-Text omits “Therefore”.
This omission has a good support from the majuscules א, B, D,
L, W, Δ, Θ, Ψ minuscules 28 and 565 and the old Latin codices. The inclusion of the
conjunction is supported by codex A, 087, both families of manuscripts ƒ1 and ƒ13, the Byzantine manuscripts,
the vulgate of Stuttgart, the Peshitta, the Harklean Syriac version and
Theophylact. The evidence is showing that this conjunction was added to provide
a smooth transition from the previous verse, perhaps mirroring the use of a
conjunction between the words “αυτος” and “δαυιδ” from the previous verse. The conjunction has then been bracketed to
honor the evidence of what has been received, used and preserved in the two
main branches of the church.
[8] NA-Text omits “to them”.
[9] NA-Text reads “λημψονται”. Same verbal tense spelled differently.
[10] NA-Text omits “Jesus”.
[11] Quadrans: the fourth part
of a Roman “as”. Perhaps equivalent to a one-cent coin or less.
[12] NA-Text reads “ειπεν” (second aorist instead of present), which has
excellent support from all text-types, including codices א, A, B,
D, K, L, Δ, Θ, Ψ, minuscules 33, 565, 700, 892 and (1424). The TR is supported by codex W, both families of
manuscripts ƒ1 and ƒ13, the Byzantine manuscripts,
old Latin and Theophylact. This verbal tense has been adopted in the Greek
text. The PT also adopted this verbal tense in their compilation.
[13] NA-Text and P-Text read “εβαλεν” (second aorist instead of perfect), which is supported by codices א, A, B, D, L, Δ, Θ, Ψ, minuscules 33, 565, 892 and 1424. The perfect tense is supported by codex W, both families of manuscripts ƒ1 and ƒ13, the Byzantine manuscripts and Theophylact. The aorist is supported by good witnesses of all text types. Therefore it has been adopted in the Greek text following the NA-Text.
[14] NA-Text and M-Text read “βαλλοντων” (second aorist instead of present), which is supported by codices א, B, D, Θ and the Byzantine manuscripts. Theophylact supports the TR. The Greek text has been adjusted following the NA-Text and the M-Text.
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Notes:
1. Text in red letters are places where the original reading in the Textus Receptus has been revised and corrected;
2. The English translation used as a reference is the WEB brought to conformity as literal as possible to the Textus Receptus. The end product though is not the WEB or a revised WEB and it should not be called WEB. The content of this post is freely available to everyone and it is not supposed to be copyrighted;
3. TR: Textus Receptus. This text is not copyrighted;
4. NA-Text: Nestle-Aland text commonly known as critical text;
5. M-Text: Majority Text;
6. Vg-St: Vulgate of Stuttgart;
7. WPF35: Wilbur Pickering-family 35;
8. P-Text: Patriarchal Text, also known as Patriarchal Greek New Testament, published by the ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople.
9. The creator of the variant apparatus available in the VarApp kindly gave me permission to freely use the information contained in the material he put together.
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To God all the glory for the preservation of the scriptures! He reigns!
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