Saturday, February 17, 2024

Mark 1:16-28 - Revision of the Textus Receptus

The gospel according to Mark

Chapter 1


 

16. και[2] περιπατων[1] παρα την θαλασσαν της γαλιλαιας ειδεν σιμωνα και ανδρεαν τον αδελφον αυτου αμφιβαλλοντας αμφιβληστρον[3] εν τη θαλασση ησαν γαρ αλιεις

And as he walked by the sea of Galilee, he saw Simon and Andrew his brother[4], casting a net into the sea, for they were fishermen.

17. και ειπεν αυτοις ο ιησους δευτε οπισω μου και ποιησω υμας γενεσθαι αλιεις ανθρωπων

And Jesus said to them, “Come after me and I will make you become fishers for men.”

18. και ευθεως[5] αφεντες τα δικτυα αυτων ηκολουθησαν αυτω

And immediately they left their[6] nets and followed him.

19. και προβας εκειθεν ολιγον ειδεν ιακωβον τον του ζεβεδαιου και ιωαννην τον αδελφον αυτου και αυτους εν τω πλοιω καταρτιζοντας τα δικτυα

And going on a little further from there[7], he saw James the son of Zebedee and John his brother, who were also in the boat mending the nets.

20. και ευθεως[8] εκαλεσεν αυτους και αφεντες τον πατερα αυτων ζεβεδαιον εν τω πλοιω μετα των μισθωτων απηλθον οπισω αυτου

And immediately he called them, and they left their father Zebedee in the boat with the hired servants and went after him.

21. και εισπορευονται εις καφαρναουμ[9] και ευθεως[10] τοις σαββασιν εισελθων εις την συναγωγην εδιδασκεν

And they went into Capernaum, and immediately on the Sabbath day he entered the synagogue and was teaching.

22. και εξεπλησσοντο επι τη διδαχη αυτου ην γαρ διδασκων αυτους ως εξουσιαν εχων και ουχ ως οι γραμματεις

And they were astonished at his teaching, for he taught them as one who had authority, and not as the scribes.

23. και ην εν τη συναγωγη αυτων ανθρωπος εν πνευματι ακαθαρτω και ανεκραξεν

And [11] there was in their synagogue a man with an unclean spirit. And he cried out,

24. λεγων εα τι ημιν και σοι ιησου ναζαρηνε ηλθες απολεσαι ημας οιδα σε τις ει ο αγιος του θεου

saying, "Away![12] What do we have to do with you, Jesus of Nazareth? Have you come to destroy us? I know who you are the Holy One of God!”

25. και επετιμησεν αυτω ο ιησους λεγων φιμωθητι και εξελθε εξ αυτου

But Jesus rebuked him, saying, “Be quiet, and come out of him!”

26. και σπαραξαν αυτον το πνευμα το ακαθαρτον και κραξαν[13] φωνη μεγαλη εξηλθεν εξ αυτου

And the unclean spirit, convulsing him and crying with a loud voice, came out of him.

27. και εθαμβηθησαν παντες[14] ωστε συζητειν προς εαυτους[15] λεγοντας τι εστιν τουτο τις η διδαχη η καινη αυτη[16] οτι κατ εξουσιαν και τοις πνευμασι[17] τοις ακαθαρτοις επιτασσει και υπακουουσιν αυτω

And they were all amazed, so that they questioned among themselves, saying, “What is this? What new teaching is this? For with authority he commands even the unclean spirits, and they obey him!”

28. και[18] εξηλθεν η ακοη αυτου ευθυς εις ολην την περιχωρον της γαλιλαιας

And immediately his fame spread [19] throughout all the surrounding region of Galilee.



[1] NA-Text reads “παραγων” (passing along). The meaning is the same.

[2] NA-Text and Vg-St read “και”, placing it before the verb at the beginning of the verse (Latin equivalent: “et”), which is supported by codices א, A, B and D. The TR is supported by codex Θ, the Byzantine manuscripts and Theophylact. The meaning is the same, but as the support for the Alexandrian reading is better, it has been adopted in the Greek text.

[3] NA-Text and Vg-St reads “αμφιβαλλοντας” (literally: “casting around”) instead of “βαλλοντας αμφιβληστρον” (casting), which is supported by codices א, A, B, D, L, W, Δ, Θ, 074, 0133, family of manuscripts ƒ13, minuscules 22, 28, 33, 565*, 2427 and 2766. The TR is supported by codices Ec, Γ, Πc, family of manuscripts ƒ1, minuscules 579, 700, 872, 892, 1010, 1241, 1342, 2193 and the Byzantine manuscripts. “Casting around” is supported by all text types. Besides, “βαλλοντας αμφιβληστρον” is the reading in the parallel passage in Matthew 4:18. Therefore, this verb has been adjusted following the NA-Text.

[4] NA-Text reads “Andrew, the brother of Simon” (Gr.: “ανδρεαν τον αδελφον σιμωνος”), which is supported by codices א, B, L, family of manuscripts ƒ13, minuscules 565, 700 and 892. M-Text reads “Andrew his brother of Simon” (Gr.: “ανδρεαν τον αδελφον αυτου του σιμωνος”), which is supported by codices K, 074, minuscules 700 and 1010, the Byzantine minuscules and the Harklean Syriac version. The TR is supported by codices D, W, Γ, Θ, minuscules 28, 33 and 1424, old Latin, the Syriac Sinaiticus, the Peshitta and some manuscripts of the Bohairic Coptic version and Theophylact. Codices A, Δ, 0135, family of manuscripts ƒ1 and minuscule 1241 read “Andrew of Simon”. The parallel passage in Matthew 4:18 reads “his brother”, but Simon “who is called Peter” was not transferred into the Markan text, so harmonization is less likely. Given the instability in the text and the excellent support for the TR reading, it is safer to not change the text here.

[5] NA-Text reads “ευθυς”. Same meaning.

[6] NA-Text and VgSt omit “their” and renders “the nets”. The omission is supported by codices א, B, C, L, W, Θ, family of manuscripts ƒ13, minuscules 28, 33, 565, 892, 1241 and 1424 and old Latin. The inclusion is supported by codices A, 074, 0133, 0135, family of manuscripts ƒ1, the Byzantine minuscules, 2 old Latin codices (itf and itl), Sahidic Coptic, some manuscripts of the Bohairic Coptic version, the Diatessaron, Theophylact. The parallel passage in Matthew 4:20 omits the personal pronoun, so harmonization into the exclusion of “their” from the text is a real possibility here. Besides, the next verse also reads “the nets”. So, even though the support for the omission is very good, it is not safe to remove the pronoun from the text.

[7] NA-Text omits “from there”.

[8] NA-Text reads “ευθυς”. Same meaning.

[9] NA-Text and VgSt read “καφαρναουμ” (Latin equivalent: Capharnaum). See footnote in Matt. 4:30)

[10] NA-Text reads “ευθυς”. Same meaning.

[11] NA-Text adds “immediately”. This is likely due to a scribal confusion as this word occurs 11 times in this chapter.  

[12] NA-Text and Vg-St omit “away!” (Gr.: “εα”). The omission is supported by codices א*, B, D, W, Θ, minuscules 28* and 565, old Latin, the Syriac Sinaiticus, the Peshitta and the Coptic versions. The inclusion is supported by codices א2, A, C, L, 0135, both families of manuscripts ƒ1 and ƒ13, the Byzantine manuscripts, the Harklean Syriac version, Origen, Cyril of Alexandria and Theophylact. Both readings are very well supported. The Alexandrian omission becomes a strong variant because the parallel passage in Luke 4:34 reads the same word for word.

[13] NA-Text reads “φωνησαν”. Those verbs are interchangeable.

[14] NA-Text reads “απαντες”. The meaning is the same.

[15] NA-Text and M-Text read “εαυτους”, which is supported by codices A, C, D, (W), Θ, both families of manuscripts ƒ1 and ƒ13, the Byzantine minuscules and Theophylact. The TR is supported by codices א, B, L and minuscule 892. The Greek text has been corrected, following the NA-Text and the M-Text.

[16] NA-Text reads “διδαχη καινη” instead of “τις η διδαχη η καινη αυτη οτι” and renders “A new teaching with authority!” instead of “What new teaching is this? For with authority…”.

[17] NA-Text and P-Text read “πνευμασι”. Contracted form of the same word, which is supported by codices א, B, Θ and Theophylact. The text has been corrected following the NA-Text.

[18] NA-Text and VgSt read “και”, placing it before the verb at the beginning of the verse (Latin equivalent: “et”), which is supported by codices א, B, C, D, L, W, Δ, Θ, minuscules 33, 700, 892, 1241 and 1424 and the Bohairic Coptic version. The TR is supported by codices A, 0104, 0133, both families of manuscripts ƒ1 and ƒ13, the Byzantine minuscules and Theophylact. The meaning is the same, but the support for the Alexandrian reading is superior and justifies the change in the Greek text.

[19] NA-Text adds “everywhere” (Gr.: “πανταχου”)

 


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Notes:

1. Text in red letters are places where the original reading in the Textus Receptus has been revised and corrected;

2. The English translation used as a reference is the WEB brought to conformity as literal as possible to the Textus Receptus. The end product though is not the WEB or a revised WEB and it should not be called WEB. The content of this post is freely available to everyone and it is not supposed to be copyrighted;

3. TR: Textus Receptus. This text is not copyrighted;

4. NA-Text: Nestle-Aland text commonly known as critical text;

5. M-Text: Majority Text;

6. VgSt: Vulgate of Stuttgart;  

7. WPF35: Wilbur Pickering-family 35;

8. PT: Patriarchal Text, also known as Patriarchal Greek New Testament, published by the ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople.

9. The creator of the variant apparatus available in the VarApp kindly gave me permission to freely use the information contained in the material he put together.

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To God all the glory for the preservation of the scriptures! He reigns!

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