Luke 8:26-39 - Revision of the Textus Receptus

The gospel according to Luke

Chapter 8

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26. και κατεπλευσαν εις την χωραν των γαδαρηνων ητις εστιν αντιπερα[1] της γαλιλαιας Then they sailed to the country of the Gadarenes[2], which is opposite Galilee.

27. εξελθοντι δε αυτω επι την γην υπηντησεν αυτω[3] ανηρ τις εκ της πολεως ος ειχεν[4] δαιμονια εκ χρονων ικανων[5] και ιματιον ουκ ενεδιδυσκετο[6] και εν οικια ουκ εμενεν αλλ εν τοις μνημασιν And when he went out on the land, there met him a certain man from the city who had demons for a long time. And he wore no clothes and did not live in a house but in the tombs.

28. ιδων δε τον ιησουν και[7] ανακραξας προσεπεσεν αυτω και φωνη μεγαλη ειπεν τι εμοι και σοι ιησου υιε του θεου του υψιστου δεομαι σου μη με βασανισης And when he saw Jesus, he cried out and fell down before him, and with a loud voice said, “What do I have to do with you, Jesus, Son of the Most High God? I beg you, do not torment me!”

29. παρηγγειλεν γαρ τω πνευματι τω ακαθαρτω εξελθειν απο του ανθρωπου πολλοις γαρ χρονοις συνηρπακει αυτον και εδεσμειτο[8] αλυσεσιν και πεδαις φυλασσομενος και διαρρησσων τα δεσμα ηλαυνετο υπο του δαιμονος[9] εις τας ερημους For Jesus was commanding the unclean spirit to come out of the man. For the unclean spirit had seized him many times. And he was kept under guard and bound with chains and shackles. And breaking the bonds, he was driven by the demon into the wilderness.

30. επηρωτησεν δε αυτον ο ιησους λεγων τι σοι εστιν ονομα ο δε ειπεν λεγεων[10] οτι δαιμονια πολλα εισηλθεν εις αυτον And Jesus asked him, saying[11] “What is your name?” And he said, “Legion,” for many demons had entered him.

31. και παρεκαλει[12] αυτον ινα μη επιταξη αυτοις εις την αβυσσον απελθειν And he begged him that he would not command them to go into the abyss.

32. ην δε εκει αγελη χοιρων ικανων βοσκομενων[13] εν τω ορει και παρεκαλουν[14] αυτον ινα επιτρεψη αυτοις εις εκεινους εισελθειν και επετρεψεν αυτοις Now there was there a herd of many swine feeding on the mountain, and they begged him that he would allow them to enter them. Then he allowed them.

33. εξελθοντα δε τα δαιμονια απο του ανθρωπου εισηλθον[15] εις τους χοιρους και ωρμησεν η αγελη κατα του κρημνου εις την λιμνην και απεπνιγη And the demons came out of the man and entered the swine, and the herd rushed down the steep bank into the lake and were drowned.

34. ιδοντες δε οι βοσκοντες το γεγονος[16] εφυγον και [17] απηγγειλαν εις την πολιν και εις τους αγρους And when those who fed them saw what had happened, they fled and told it in the city and in the country.

35. εξηλθον δε ιδειν το γεγονος και ηλθον προς τον ιησουν και ευρον καθημενον τον ανθρωπον αφ ου τα δαιμονια εξεληλυθει[18] ιματισμενον και σωφρονουντα παρα τους ποδας του ιησου και εφοβηθησαν Then they went out to see what had happened, and came to Jesus, and found the man from whom the demons had gone out, sitting at the feet of Jesus, clothed and in his right mind, and they were afraid.

36. απηγγειλαν δε αυτοις και οι ιδοντες πως εσωθη ο δαιμονισθεις And they also[19] who had seen it told them how he who had been demon-possessed was healed.

37. και ηρωτησαν[20] αυτον απαν το πληθος της περιχωρου των γαδαρηνων απελθειν απ αυτων οτι φοβω μεγαλω συνειχοντο αυτος δε εμβας εις το[21] πλοιον υπεστρεψεν Then all the multitude of the surrounding country of the Gadarenes[22] asked him to depart from them, for they were seized with great fear. So he got into the boat and returned.

38. εδεετο[23] δε αυτου ο ανηρ αφ ου εξεληλυθει τα δαιμονια ειναι συν αυτω απελυσεν δε αυτον ο ιησους λεγων And the man from whom the demons had gone out begged him that he might be with him. But Jesus[24] sent him away, saying,

39. υποστρεφε εις τον οικον σου και διηγου οσα εποιησεν σοι ο θεος και απηλθεν καθ ολην την πολιν κηρυσσων οσα εποιησεν αυτω ο ιησους “Return to your house and declare what great things God has done for you.” And he went his way, proclaiming throughout the whole city what great things Jesus had done for him.

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[1] NA-Text and P-Text read “αντιπερα. This spelling is supported by codices א, B, D, Θ and Theophylact. This spelling has been adopted in the Greek text.

[2] NA-Text and Vg-St read “Gerasenes”. See footnote in Matthew 8:28

[3] NA-Text omits “αυτω” (him).

[4] NA-Text reads “εχων” and renders “having demons” instead of “who had demons”. The evidence reveals that this is a local adjustment to the text in Egypt, whereas the TR is supported by all text types, including a correction to codex Sinaiticus in the 600’s.

[5] NA-Text reads “χρονω ικανω” placing them after “και”, thus rendering “and for a long time wore no clothes” instead of “who had demons for a long time”.

[6] NA-Text reads “ενεδυσατο” (aorist instead of imperfect).

[7] NA-Text and Vg-St omit “και”, which is supported by codices א, B and D. The inclusion is supported by codex Θ, the Byzantine manuscripts and Theophylact. The Byzantine text has preserved the harder reading and has not been changed. It would be natural for scribes to remove the conjunction to make the text flow better.

[8] NA-Text reads “εδεσμευετο”. Same verbal tense spelled differently.

[9] NA-Text reads “δαιμονιου” (neutral instead of masculine).

[10] NA-Text reads “λεγιων”. See footnote in Mark 5:9.

[11] NA-Text omits “saying”.

[12] M-Text reads “παρεκαλει” (singular instead of plural), which is supported by codices A, K, P, Γ, Δ, Θ, Ξ, Ψ, minuscules 565, 700, 2542*, the Byzantine manuscripts and Theophyalct. The plural is supported by codices א, B and D. The first and fifth editions of Erasmus’ TR read this verb in the plural. Then Stephanus changed it to the singular “παρεκαλει”, perhaps based on what he saw in the Greek text of the Complutensian Polyglot. Beza kept the singular in his revision in 1598. Scrivener then reverted to the original reading in Erasmus’ compilation by using again a plural form of this verb. The parallel passage in Matthew 8:31 reads “the demons begged him” and Mark 5:10 “he begged him”. So, the parallel passages are not helpful. The plural form of this verb was probably transferred from verse 32 where the same verb is used in this context. Therefore, the verb has been adjusted to the sigular “παρεκαλει”, following the M-Text along with Stephanus. The P-Text and WPF³⁵ also read this verb in the singular.

[13] NA-Text reads “βοσκομενη” (nominative singular feminine instead of genitive plural masculine).

[14] NA-Text reads “παρεκαλεσαν” (aorist instead of imperfect).

[15] NA-Text, Vg-St, P-Text, WPF³⁵ and M-Text read “εισηλθον” (plural instead of singular), which is supported by codices א, B, D, Θ, the Byzantine manuscripts and Theophylact. The singular is most certainly an error in the TR. It has been corrected to read like the NA-Text and the M-Text.

[16] NA-Text reads “γεγονος” (second perfect active instead of perfect passive), which is supported by papyrus 75^vid, codices א, A, B, D and Θ. The TR is supported by Theophylact. The text has been adjusted to the active voice, following the NA-Text.

[17] NA-Text, Vg-St, P-Text, WPF³⁵ and M-Text omit “απελθοντες” (leaving), which is supported by codices א, B, D, Θ, the Byzantine manuscripts and Theophylact. The inclusion of this verb is most certainly an error in the TR. It has been omitted, following the NA-Text and the M-Text.

[18] NA-Text reads “εξηλθεν” (second aorist instead of pluperfect).

[19] NA-Text and P-Text omit “also” (και), which is supported by codices א, B, D and Θ. The omission is supported by the Byzantine manuscripts and Theophylact. The parallel passages also omit it and the conjunction is not necessary in the sentence. The Byzantine text and the Latin scriptures have preserved the harder reading, so the text remains unchanged here.

[20] NA-Text reads “ηρωτησεν” (singular instead of plural).

[21] NA-Text omits the definite article “το”.

[22] NA-Text and Vg-St read “Gerasenes”. See footnote in Matthew 8:28

[23] NA-Text reads “εδειτο”. Same verbal tense, different spelling.

[24] NA-Text omits “Jesus” and renders “But he sent him away”.

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Notes:

1. Text in red letters are places where the original reading in the Textus Receptus has been revised and corrected;

2. The English translation used as a reference is the WEB brought to conformity as literal as possible to the Textus Receptus. The end product though is not the WEB or a revised WEB and it should not be called WEB. The content of this post is freely available to everyone and it is not supposed to be copyrighted;

3. TR: Textus Receptus. This text is not copyrighted;

4. NA-Text: Nestle-Aland text commonly known as critical text;

5. M-Text: Majority Text;

6. Vg-St: Vulgate of Stuttgart;  

7. WPF³⁵: Wilbur Pickering-family 35;

8. P-Text: Patriarchal Text, also known as Patriarchal Greek New Testament, published by the ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople.

9. The creator of the variant apparatus available in the VarApp kindly gave me permission to freely use the information contained in the material he put together.

 

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To God all the glory for the preservation of the scriptures! He reigns!